Energy storage battery capacity reduction in low temperature environment

However, LIBs usually suffer from obvious capacity reduction, security problems, and a sharp decline in cycle life under low temperatures, especially below 0 °C, which can be mainly ascribed to the decrease in Li + diffusion coefficient in both electrodes and electrolyte, poor transfer kinetics on the interphase, high Li + desolvation barrier in the electrolyte, and severe Li plating and dendrite. [pdf]